Md. Nuruzzaman, Sanjoy Kumar Saha, Mohammed Obayedur Rahman, Sajalendu Biswas, Sharmin Sultana, Mohammad Ashaduzzaman, Jahidul Islam Khan and Meherunnesa
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and the third most common cause of cancer mortality. Globally, over half a million people develop HCC each year, with an almost equal number succumbing to the disease. HCC exhibits distinctive epidemiological features, including dynamic temporal trends, significant geographic and demographic variations, and numerous potentially preventable risk factors. This study aimed to investigate the clinicodemographic profile and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging of HCC patients admitted to a specialized hospital in Bangladesh.
Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted at National Gastro Liver Institute & Hospital from February 2021 to June 2021. Fifty-two patients were selected through non-random sampling. Demographic, clinical, and biochemical data were collected. Patient performance status was assessed using the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance scale. Staging of HCC was performed using BCLC criteria.
Results: Among the 52 patients, 38 (73.1%) were male and 14 (26.9%) were female. The mean age was 55.78±10.30 years. The etiology of HCC included Hepatitis B (79%), Hepatitis C (15%), and others (6%). The distribution of HCC cases varied with Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) scores: CTP-B (35%) and CTP-C (65%), with a significant association (p<0.05). BCLC staging demonstrated significant correlations with CTP scores and ECOG performance status.
Conclusion: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) commonly develops in cirrhotic patients, with risk proportionate to liver function, etiology, and age. A robust prevention strategy is essential to reduce HCC incidence and improve outcomes.
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